John Deere 510D Backhoe Loader – Parts, Specs & Serial Numbers

Description:

The John Deere 510D Backhoe Loader, manufactured during the early 1990s, brought increased hydraulic performance, upgraded controls, and an improved PowerShift transmission over the 510C. Built for mid- to heavy-duty excavation, material handling, and utility trenching, the 510D remains a highly regarded machine thanks to its rugged build, turbocharged engine, and smooth hydraulic control. Its mechanical simplicity and durable frame make it ideal for owner-operators and municipalities needing a backhoe that’s both powerful and service-friendly.

Specifications:

Engine

• Model: John Deere 4276T

• Type: 4-cylinder, turbocharged diesel

• Displacement: 276 cu in (4.5 L)

• Net Power: 90 hp (67.1 kW) @ 2,200 rpm

• Fuel Capacity: 32 gallons (121 L)

• Cooling System: Liquid-cooled

Transmission

• Type: PowerShift

• Gears: 4 forward / 4 reverse

• Clutch: Hydraulic wet-disc

• Top Speed: 22.5 mph (36 km/h)

Hydraulic System

• System Type: Open center

• Pump Flow: 28.5 GPM (108 L/min)

• System Pressure: 2,750 psi (189.6 bar)

Backhoe Specs

• Max Digging Depth: 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m)

• Bucket Digging Force: 13,300 lbf (59.2 kN)

• Swing Arc: 180°

Loader Specs

• Lift Capacity at Full Height: ~6,400 lbs (2,903 kg)

• Breakout Force: ~9,600 lbf (42.7 kN)

• Bucket Widths: 72–86 in (1.83–2.18 m)

Dimensions & Weight

• Operating Weight: ~15,800 lbs (7,167 kg)

• Wheelbase: 84 in (2.13 m)

• Overall Length: 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m)

• Height to Top of Cab: 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m)

Maintenance Essentials:

Service Intervals:

• Engine Oil & Filter: Every 250 hours

• Hydraulic Filter & Fluid: Every 500 hours

• Transmission Service: Every 1,000 hours

• Grease Points: Loader arms, boom pivot, swing frame, stabilizers — grease daily

Commonly Replaced Parts:

• Hydraulic cylinder seal kits

• PowerShift clutch packs and solenoids

• Brake discs and rear axle seals

• Loader and backhoe pins and bushings

• Water pumps, belts, and cooling system components

Common Issues & Quick Fixes:

• Hydraulic Cylinder Drift or Weak Lift: Usually due to worn piston seals — replace with hydraulic repair kits

• Sluggish or Jerky Shifting: PowerShift solenoids or clutch packs may need replacement — see transmission kits

• Brake Squeal or Fading: Wet-disc friction material may be worn — resolve with brake rebuild parts

Pro Tips:

• Check loader frame pivot bolts periodically — loose bolts can lead to excessive wear on mounts.

• The open-center hydraulics benefit from regular filter changes to maintain consistent flow rates.

• Early diagnosis of swing lag usually points to worn pins or misaligned bushings at the swing tower.

Serial Number Info:

• Location: Left frame rail near loader tower or under operator’s platform

• Serial Number Format: Begins with T0510DA_ _ _ _ _

• Always reference the full serial number when ordering PowerShift or brake parts, as variants differ between early and late 510D units.