John Deere 510B Backhoe Loader – Parts, Specs & Serial Numbers

The John Deere 510B Backhoe Loader, produced from the early to mid-1980s, was a significant upgrade from the original 510 model. Featuring a stronger hydraulic system, powerful turbocharged engine, and an optional four-wheel-drive configuration, the 510B was designed for demanding excavation, material handling, and site prep tasks. With improved cab comfort and a reputation for mechanical dependability, it remains a favorite among equipment owners looking for a pre-electronic backhoe that’s easy to service and tough enough for daily use.

Specifications:

Engine

• Model: John Deere 4219T

• Type: 4-cylinder, turbocharged diesel

• Displacement: 219 cu in (3.6 L)

• Net Power: 78 hp (58.2 kW) @ 2,500 rpm

• Cooling System: Liquid-cooled

• Fuel Capacity: 30 gallons (113.6 L)

Transmission

• Type: Power Reverser or Syncro-Range (depending on configuration)

• Gears: 8 forward / 4 reverse

• Clutch: Dry-disc or hydraulic (depending on model year)

• Top Speed: ~23 mph (37 km/h)

Hydraulic System

• System Type: Open center

• Pump Flow: 28 GPM (106 L/min)

• System Pressure: 2,250 psi (155 bar)

Backhoe Specs

• Max Digging Depth: 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m)

• Bucket Digging Force: 12,200 lbf (54.3 kN)

• Swing Arc: 180°

Loader Specs

• Lift Capacity to Full Height: ~5,800 lbs (2,630 kg)

• Breakout Force: ~9,200 lbf (40.9 kN)

• Bucket Width: 72–84 in (1.83–2.13 m)

Dimensions & Weight

• Operating Weight: ~14,700 lbs (6,668 kg)

• Wheelbase: 84 in (2.13 m)

• Overall Length: 23 ft 4 in (7.11 m)

• Height to Top of ROPS/Cab: 9 ft (2.74 m)

Maintenance Essentials:

Service Intervals:

• Engine Oil & Filter: Every 100–150 hours

• Hydraulic Fluid/Filter: Every 500 hours

• Transmission Oil: Every 1,000 hours

• Daily Grease Points: Loader arms, swing pivot, boom pins, stabilizers

Commonly Replaced Parts:

• Hydraulic cylinder seal kits

• Loader and backhoe pins and bushings

• Brake components (bands or wet disc)

• Transmission clutch discs and shift linkages

• Water pumps, thermostats, fan belts

Common Issues & Quick Fixes:

• Loader Droop or Hydraulic Lag: Often due to worn piston seals — fix with hydraulic rebuild kits

• Transmission Slips or Stalls in Gear: Typically fixed by replacing worn clutch parts or linkage kits

• Brake Drag or Loss of Power: Resolve with brake rebuild components

Pro Tips:

• Always check loader and backhoe tower bolts for tightness — frame stress cracks can occur if neglected.

• If equipped with 4WD, service front axle seals and u-joints regularly to prevent driveline wear.

• Avoid overfilling the hydraulic reservoir — the open-center system runs best at proper levels.

Serial Number Info:

• Location: Left side of the frame near the loader arm mount or under the operator platform

• Serial Number Format: Begins with T0510BH_ _ _ _ _

• Include the full serial number when ordering to ensure compatibility with transmission and hydraulic variants.